Moderate

If borrowers and lenders agree on a nominal interest rate and inflation turns out to be less than they had expected ?

Correct answer: D. lenders will gain at the expense of borrowers

  • A. neither borrowers nor lenders will gain because the nominal interest rate has been fixed by contract
  • B. None of these answers
  • C. borrowers will gain at the expense of lenders
  • D. lenders will gain at the expense of borrowers

Explanation

With the nominal rate fixed, lower-than-expected inflation makes the real interest rate higher than anticipated. Borrowers must repay money with greater purchasing power, so lenders gain at borrowers’ expense.

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The economy is studied as a whole through national income, gross domestic product, inflation, unemployment, economic growth and business cycles. Coverage includes aggregate demand and supply, consumption and investment, money and banking, fiscal and monetary policy, exchange rates and balance of payments, which distinguishes macroeconomics from the study of individual markets.

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